This post will act as a link repository, connecting you the reader to sites which may be useful. I have also added a small description of each site where it is warranted. Most sites are legal and in good standing with the current justice system and copyright stances.
For free books & literature:
- Read Any Book – A non-commercial project which makes any book available for you for online reading.
- OpenStax College – A site with free textbooks at high school level, started by Bill Gates Foundations to help spread knowledge.
- Wikibooks – wiki for public domain access books. See Wikisource as well.
- Questia – This library has 5,000+ public domain, classic and rare books that you can read online free.
- The Physics Hypertextbook – Free online physics textbook.
- Physics Database – Like the name implies, it is a database of free science books. Especially in the realm of physics.This site is great for a young or old scientist. There is a lot of useful information here. Additionally, for aspiring theoretical physicists take a look at Gerard Hooft’s (Nobel Prize winner) website.
- LibriVox – Free public domain audiobooks. These are read by volunteers and are generally quite good. Sometimes there will be an accent issue which causes a reading to be unpleasant, but other times the accent really adds something beautiful (example).
- Bookzz – When in doubt, look here. This site almost never fails me.
- Internet Archive – The Internet Archive offers 8,000,000+ fully accessible books and texts. Additionally they sport a hefty collection of 300,000+ modern eBooks. A very large and useful archive, I’ve personally had little trouble with it.
- International Children’s Library – A library chock full of free children’s books for your child’s reading pleasure. This site provides access to the best of children’s literature from around the world. Partnered with the University of Maryland’s Human Computer Interactions Lab (HCIL).
- Internet Sacred Text Archive – Archived collection of religious, mythology, folklore, and esoteric texts. Claimed to be the largest such collection ever assembled by the site admin.
- Project Gutenburg – A well known source of free ebooks and literature. This source quite collection. [update! The following is verbatim from the Project Gutenberg site. Since Project Gutenburg is a legal entity changes in the TPP could effect not only Project Gutenberg but bloggers and other media entities as well. Keep this is mind going forward.]
“Project Gutenberg is concerned about a new international treaty, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The treaty text is online at https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text . It includes a section on “Intellectual Property” which would force copyright term extensions and other restrictions on the public domain. Visit https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp for some analysis of the TPP’s negative impacts. The TPP has been signed, but not ratified within signatory countries. There is time to make your views known to your lawmakers.”
- ManyBooks – Handpicked free and discounted ebooks
- FreeComputerBooks – site with free access to computer, mathematics, technical books, and lecture notes, etc.
- Authorama – A collection of public domain books. This site features completely free books from a variety of different authors, collected for you to read online or offline.
- BookRix – Thousands of online books and also ebooks available for download offline.
- Online Books Page – hosted by the UPenn, you need to know what you are looking for as this site acts more as a search engine. Free to read.
- Bibliomania – Free online literature with 2000+ classic texts, literature book notes, author biographies, summaries, and references. Lots of classic fiction, poetry, and drama here.
- Red Novels – ugly UI but the content is there. Free to read online ebooks available. A nice collection of genres overall.
- The eBook Directory – no e-mail address required, free ebook downloads.
- Open Library – Open Library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. You can borrow books just like a regular library. Otherwise you have to pay.
- Scribd – Free for 14 day trial, but you have to pay after that.
- World Public Library – eLibrary card costs $8.95 a year.
- Army Libraries – This is hosted by OneClickdigital and is for US Army service men and women. Others may be able to use it, I have not tried.
- Library of Congress – Master archive for the USA, probably need a library card for this one guys.
- Dover Books – I’ve found books to be much cheaper through Dover then Amazon on multiple occasions.
- Amazon – The monster book warehouse itself. Mostly pay to obtain ebooks, etc. However they do have freebies posted quite frequently.
- Encyclopedia of Life – A membership based site, ick. The idea is cool though.
- Microbiology book – This book was developed based on a 2nd year medical student Microbiology course. Free to read online.
Also, There is The Literature Network, which is a collection of searchable literature and summaries with 3500 full books, 4400 short stories and poems, with over 260 authors. Can’t really buy or download anything, but the search option is useful. Other search engines you can use for looking are of course Google Scholar, and your university library database systems. Use what you’ve got!
TOR & Copyright blind alternatives
If the above sites fail you (especially for scientific articles and references) and you don’t care about copyright, then you can find most anything you want through the TOR network or sites hosted off US soil, specifically at:
- Libgen – Based in Russia, this is the largest and longest running currently openly available collection. Headed by a team led by bookwarrior and Bill_G (of fiction torrent fame), they have several initiatives:
- i. over 1.5 million files of mainly non-fiction ebooks
- ii. an equivalent number of mainly fiction ebooks
- iii. +20 million papers from journals of science, history, art etc.
- iv. comics, magazines and paintings
- All in all the total amounts to at least 100 TB which makes libgen easily the Library of Congress of the digital world.
- sci-hub – Another russian based site built by a neurologist which makes available any scientific articles URL’s which you type into it’s search bar. It utilizes libgen and other underground databases as well as donated journal keys by professionals worldwide.
- Pirate Bay – A internationally known torrent hub. Based out of Sweden originally, however may have moved abroad elsewhere.
- WikiLeaks – For funsies, because why not. This site is based out of Sweden as well, and as Sweden does not allow censorship, it is still standing strong.
NOTE: These sites are embroiled in legal fights so if a link does not work the particular mirror could be down. Keep looking and you should be able to get the site up and running. IF the site has not been closed down. I will try to update this post as often as possible to ensure links are live.
Chemistry software & other resources
The following links provide free for use , often open source, chemistry modeling programs. These are great for STEM students of all ages. I use many of these myself in the lab. As a scientist it can be tough finding your way around the internet, especially finding what you want. Someone literally wrote a book on it. That said, I hope this helps.
Free Molecular Visualization Software:
- Avogadro -An all inclusive modeling program, Avogadro is an advanced molecule editor and visualizer designed for cross-platform use in computational chemistry, molecular modeling, bioinformatics, materials science, and related areas. It offers flexible high quality rendering and a powerful plugin architecture. Many consider this best for all platforms. It is available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X users. All source code is available under the GNU GPL.
- Discovery Studio Visualizer – Commercial-grade graphics visualization is available for free to all academic, government and commercial researchers through Discovery Studio (DS) Visualizer. With DS Visualizer, you can visualize and share molecular information in a clear and consistent way, and in a wide variety of industry-standard formats. You can also create high quality graphics. DS Visualizer runs on Windows 8, Red Hat Enterprise Linux versions 3, 4 & 5 and SUSE Enterprise Linux 10. This is the successor of WebLab Lite from Accelrys. WebLab Lite (see after text) is still available from some sites online (That link is a live .exe from American Chemistry Society). There are several advanced features on Discovery Studio Visualizer including the ability to show ligand binding sites in proteins and create a surface around the ligand. New updates feature the ability to build small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. See the Free vs. Commercial Software Datasheet.
- WebLab – from Molecular Simulations, Inc. was free and ran on Windows and Macintoshes, and was in part derived from RasMol. It could represent alpha helices as cylinders, add missing hydrogen atoms, and rotate residues around a bond (torsion). It was excellent for selecting a subset of atoms and saving them to a separate file.
- Jmol – This program is a free, open source molecule viewer written in Java. It runs as a standalone application and as a web browser applet. Jmol was collaboratively developed as a visualization and measurement tool for both scientists and educators. New features are added often in updated versions. Users are encouraged to modify it to fit their needs and to contribute their changes to the project. JMol is a Chime/Rasmol replacement. Jmol runs on tablets and often works better on the Mac.
- MolMol – (Win95, unix) makes publication quality images including surfaces, and has a graphical user interface with menus, dialog boxes and on-line help, including a hypertext manual and tutorial. Especially good support for multi-model NMR files. Supports limited modeling (addition or removal of atoms/bonds, and rotation around dihedral angles).
- Cn3D – This program is a new free viewer from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. It uses PDB files converted to ASN.1 format available thru The NCBI Entrez Database. Cn3D will itself query the Entrez database for the user as well. Considerable effort has been applied to the ASN.1 data files to resolve ambiguities present in the PDB format and remove errors present in some PDB files. See the on-line article by Hogue et al. from University of Massachusetts for an explanation. Cn3D is more intelligent than RasMol, i.e. it provides a more informative first image of a structure.
- Molecule to Image Converter Engine – by Jozsef Ferincz is a web form which allows you to submit a PDB file URL, and get back a RasMol image.
- MolView and MolView Lite – These are freeware programs written for the Mac. The user cannot only display proteins in all of the various ways but can also analyze them (e.g. distances, Ramachandran plots, Edmunson wheels, hydrophathy plots, 3D structure alignments). Ribbon drawings can be drawn in many different ways – all controlled by graphical buttons. Subsets of structures can be written out to ‘MOL files’ to be read in at a later time. UI is graphical based and not script driven. In contrast to most other programs, the output images are mostly kept as object-oriented PICT files for very high quality prints. Finally, the user can also output 3 different kinds of QuickTime movies, line DXF files, and Apple’s new 3DMF files for interactively rendered ball&stick, ribbon, space filling, line, and ‘tube’ models.
- LinusLite – is a free test version of a forthcoming enhanced version of the commercial viewer MacMolecule. These programs run only on the Mac, and require a special atomic coordinate data file format, generated from PDB files with a free translator provided.
- ChemDraw & Chem3D, free demo software from CambridgeSoft Corp., which also provides a web-searchable database of molecules. (Windows, Mac, unix)
- JME Molecular Editor – JME Molecular Editor is a Java applet which allows the user to draw and edit molecules and reactions. The applet can also depict molecules directly within an HTML page. The editor can generate SMILES or MDL mol files for export.
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Oscail X -A Windows based Crystallography and Molecular Modelling program.It is free to ACADEMIC users, students are included. Commercial users must obtain permission for its use. The program provides an integrated high quality system for building and modelling molecules (Mopac and Iconc are included) and the system drives PC GAMESS and Tinker. The crystallographic software can solve, refine and examine small molecule crystal structures. The pictures produced range from high quality HPGL to photo realistic rendered 3D. Rendered movies are effective and easy to make using RASMOV. Software for Powder pattern simulation and the detection and display of voids is also available.
- Tinker – This program is for molecular modeling. The software is a complete and general package for molecular mechanics and dynamics, with some special features for biopolymers. Tinker has the ability to use any of several common parameter sets, such as Amber (ff94, ff96, ff98 and ff99), CHARMM (19 and 27), Allinger MM (MM2-1991 and MM3-2000), OPLS (OPLS-UA, OPLS-AA and OPLS-AA/L). It can coordinate with the above program Oscail X.
MDL Chime and molviz.org: MDL Chime is being phased out, and as far as molvis.org, it may become an obsolete resource soon.
- The following are resourcesare related to molvis.org
- Top Five 3D MolVis Technologies http://Top5.MolviZ.Org
- FirstGlance, used by Nature – http://firstglance.jmol.or
- 3D Wiki with Scene-Authoring Tools http://Proteopedia.Org
- Biochem 3D Education Resources http://MolviZ.org
- ConSurf – Find Conserved Patches in Proteins: http://consurf.tau.ac.il
- Atlas of Macromolecules: http://atlas.molviz.org
- Interactive Molecules in Public Spaces http://MolecularPlayground.Org
- Workshops: http://workshops.molviz.org
- Molecular Visualization EMail List (molvis-list): http://list.molviz.org Protein
- Explorer – 3D Visualization: http://proteinexplorer.org

60 Carbon “buckyball”
Not free, but potentially useful:
- Midas+ isn’t free from UCSF but an academic license costs only $350. It is very powerful and runs on Silicon Graphics, DEC Alpha AXP, and NeXT workstations.
Major 3D Databases & other resources:
- The Protein Data Bank
- US National Center for Biotechnology Information
- NIH Center for Molecular Modeling
- The Protein Society
- Swiss-3D-Image of the ExPASy Molecular Biology Server at the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva.
- SCOP, Structural Classification of Proteins from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge, England UK.
- Chemistry Dept, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London UK.
- Journal of Protein Science
- Mathematics & Molecules at NYU.
- The Teaching & Education in Crystallography section of the Crystallography section of the World Wide Virtual Library.
- VirusWorld developed by the Bock Laboratories, Institute for Molecular Virology, at the University of Wisconsin. (great graphics here)
- Molvis.org – MDL Chime resource
Virology Images & Resources
General Virology
- Virology Discussion Group (IBMS London Region) – The discussion group members are drawn from Diagnostic Virology Laboratories in and around London. Their activities range from running Evening Scientific Meetings to postgraduate courses covering current Diagnostic Virology topics and a Biennial Symposium which usually alternates with the IBMS Congress years.
- Viruses – a great introduction from Funk and Wagnalls on-line encyclopedia.
- Viruses from Structure to Biology – a unique project in interactive history. from the American Society for Virology and Sondra Schlesinger at Washington University.
- Medical Virology – from Human Virology Educational Series : 1997-1998 by JN-Internatioanl, Inc. This page includes basic descriptions of certain viral diseases and treatments.
- Wong’s Virology Page – This site contains notes on various aspects of medical virology, including the management of a clinical virology laboratory. It is designed mainly as a study aid for postgraduate physicians and scientists studying for their board membership or fellowship exams in medical microbiology/virology. It also contains sample examination questions and answers.
- Term database for human virology – if you don’t know what some of these words are referring to, this is the place to find out. This page is by Jonas Blomberg at Lund, Sweden.
- National Collection of Pathogenic Viruses (NCPV) is a new U.K. culture collection which is building up a collection of human pathogenic viruses as a resource for the virological community. Ask them about the virus you are interested in!
- Virologia y Analisis Clinicos para Enfermeria – Virology for Nursing – Virology and Laboratory for Nursing with bibliography, links and courses.
- Virology Down Under – Contains a database of scientists and students to aid communication. It has a range of pages from very basic (what is a virus? what is a protein?) to literature reviews (gene therapy of cystic fibrosis) and tertiary (i.e. Uni) level summaries. Covers topics from virology, haematology, immunology, gene therapy and is aimed at both scientists and “the man in the street”.
- Honey Bee Viruses – Summary of a Ph.D. project on the interactions of Varroa jacobsoni (a parasitic mite) and viruses of honey bees.
- Virology Information sponsored by SCIENCE.ORG ª, a Science and Technology Research Think-tank which has some general virology information. This is an expanding resource for people interested in the study of animal viruses.
- The Hidden Killers: Deadly Viruses – This site contains basics about viruses, immune systems, how our bodies combat these invaders, specific viruses, and how these ‘hidden killers’ could potential be used as bio-weapons. This site is meant for the general population. You won’t find any extremely complicated technical terms. It’s meant as a fun place to start exploring about viruses.
- Virus Databases at the Australian National University’s Bioinformatics Facility from the Research School of Biological Sciences. At this site, one can expect to find nomenclature, characterization, and general information about viruses throughout the world. There are also genome searches and electron micrographs.
- Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses – The Index Virum presents lists of virus taxa that reflect the currently approved classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The ICTV database (ICTVdB) now has a mirror site at the NCBI server.
- Descriptions – The descriptions are the natural language translation of the coded data stored in the ICTVdB, the universal virus database endorsed by the ICTV. The code is using DELTA, the DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by M. Dallwitz.
- Viruses of Plants in Australia – Features Distribution, Host Range, Agricultural Importance and Control of Plant Viruses in Australia. A selection of viruses described in the VIDEdB (Virus Idetification Data Exchange Project), developed by A.J. Gibbs, using DELTA.
- American Type Culture Collection – The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) is a unique private, nonprofit resource dedicated to the collection, preservation and distribution of authentic cultures of living microorganisms, viruses, DNA probes, plants, and human and animal cells.
- Virus Structure and Biology Via the World Wide Web – communicates information about viruses around the internet.
- Zippi’s Home Page – This site was created by Dr. Teri Shors, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Microbiology at the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. It provides links and reading selections for undergraduates, graduate students, faculty, and postdoctoral fellows in the areas of virology, molecular biology, current news in medicine, and medical research in general.
- CELLS alive! – This “microscopy of living cells and organisms” from Quill Graphics is loaded with info on viruses, parasites and bacteria. Highly readable and informative. This site has outstanding images.
- Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins – Published by the U. S. Food & Drug Administration’s Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, this is an online book providing basic facts regarding foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins.
- The Truth about Viruses from The Health Gazette. Some general comments about viruses from a medical perspective.
- Viruses: The Unknown Frontier – developed by a high school student who is fascinated by virology.
- Animal Virus Information System (AVIS) is produced by the Bioinformatics Distributed Information Centre, University of Pune, Pune, India. Covers animal viruses. At present information on more than 1300 viruses is available. AVIS includes a special section on virus identification – a deterministic method to identify animal virus families and probabilistic method of virus identification based on Willcox’s implementation of Bayes’ theorem implemented to identify viruses.
- Virology bioinformatics page by Chris Upton.
Specific Virus Sites – A collection of web sites that focus on an individual virus or viral family.
- Adenoviruses
- Adenovirus Images, Taxonomy and description from our own Big Picture Book of Viruses
- The Adenovirus 5 E1A Page – This page is intended as an aid to those interested in the study of the Early Region 1A (E1A) products of Adenovirus 5 (Ad5). The proteins encoded by Ad5 E1A have proven useful as tools for dissecting the mechanisms of complex cellular processes such as regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation. This page is primarily intended to be a source of information on E1A mutations and their phenotypes, general data on Ad5 E1A, sources for antibodies etc.
- Database of mutations within the adenovirus 5 E1A oncogene- Article on the Ad5 E1A database, a listing of mutations affecting the early region 1A (E1A) proteins of human adenovirus type 5. The database contains the name of the mutation, the nucleic acid sequence changes, the resulting alterations in amino acid sequence and reference. Additional notes and references are provided on the effect of each mutation on E1A function. From Nucleic Acids Research, Oxford Journals Online, 1997.
- The Adenovirus Research Group at the University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom. The group studies how virus gene products interact with host cell components so as to favour viral gene expression and new virus production over the expression of host cell genes.
- Adenoviruses– from our own course and tutorial page, courtesy of A. J. Cann, University of Leicester. Also available in the UK.
- Adenovirus Information from the National Center for Infectious Diseases (CDC), National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System.
- Adenovirus Taxonomy, properties and images from the Universal Virus Database, authorised by ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) which has developed a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses. The goal of the ICTVdB is to describe all viruses of animals (vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoa), plants (higher plants and algae), bacteria, fungi, and archaea from the family level down to strains and isolates. The lower levels of classification have important applications in medicine and agriculture, but also give insight into evolutionary trends. The database will thus benefit research and applications at all levels of expertise. The ICTV operates under the auspices of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies.
- Adenoviruses, course notes from the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
- Adenovirus – Founded in 1998, this site offers basic information regarding human viruses. Constructed by a group of 40 undergraduates at Stanford University, the aim is to provide a general overview of each human viral family, with links to more detailed pages regarding specifics of molecular biology, pathology, epidemiology, etc.
- Adenoviruses– Electron micrograph images from Linda Stannard, Department of Medical Microbiology at the University of Cape Town, South Africa.
- Adenovirus Type 2 from the Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Information
- Adenovirus Notes from the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario. (Micr 450 – Animal Virus Pathogenesis)
- Adenovirus types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 Material Safety Data Sheet – from Health Protection Branch – Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Canada.
- Adenovirus types 40 and 41 Material Safety Data Sheet – from Health Protection Branch – Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Canada.
- Information about Acute Diarrhea and Kids from the Pediatric Database (PEDBASE). Includes definition, epidemiology, differrential diagnosis, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations (signs of dehydration) and management.
- Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis – Public Health Importance and Outbreak Management (MMWR 39[RR-5]) from the CDC Prevention Guidelines database.
- African Swine Fever Virus
- African swine fever virus page at the Insitute of Animal Health, United Kingdom.
- Notes on African Swine Fever, and African Swine Fever-like viruses (German) from the Institute for Virology, Veterinary Medicine University of Vienna, Austria.
- African Swine Fever from the Foreign animal disease project from Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia.
- Year 2000 report on African Swine Fever in Europe.
- African Swine Fever Virus Taxonomy, properties and images from the Universal Virus Database, authorised by ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) which has developed a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses. The goal of the ICTVdB is to describe all viruses of animals (vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoa), plants (higher plants and algae), bacteria, fungi, and archaea from the family level down to strains and isolates. The lower levels of classification have important applications in medicine and agriculture, but also give insight into evolutionary trends. The database will thus benefit research and applications at all levels of expertise. The ICTV operates under the auspices of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies.
- Profile of African and Classical Swine Fever by The Garth Veterinary Group, United Kingdom.
- Slides of African Swine Fever-infected blood cells and healthy cells. From the Electron Microscopy Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Australia.
- African Swine Fever definition, history, recognition, control and prevention. From Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa.
- Swine Fever / Hog Cholera – a general description from Britannica.com.
- Swine Fevers; African, Classical, Hog Cholera from the PigSite Disease Information. Gives very general information about these conditions and offers password protected access to additional resources.
- African Swine Fever, Ghana, October 1999: Impact Worksheet – from the USDA, Center for Emerging Issues, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
- Archive of African Swince Fever Information from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – the largest autonomous agency within the United Nations system. This site provides a large number of resources about African Swine Fever.
- Recognizing African Swine fever – A field manual
- Animal Viruses – Bovine, Equine, etc.
- Animal Viruses at the Veterinary Sciences Division, Queens University, Belfast, UK. Site contains key research projects and publications. Electron micrographs of animal viruses are available here.
- About Zoonatic Diseases – University of Montana (US)
- Zoonoses – from Daniel Shapiro, Director, Clinical Microbiology Laboratories at Boston Medical Center. Organized by animal.
- Animal Zoonoses from the October 1995 issue of Medical Sciences Bulletin.
- Viral Zoonoses from the University of Mississippi Medical School – course notes by Ray Baumann
- Zoonoses – Animals Can Make You Sick- Factsheet covering sources, clinical effects, modes of aquisition, and prevention of zoonotic diseases from farm and other animals. From the National Agriculture Safety Database, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
- CSIRO Animal Health home page (URL) (email) emma.homes@dah.csiro.au (description) CSIRO Animal Health is one of twenty-three divisions of Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, and is a national centre for animal health research. The division’s major facility is the Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), one of the most sophisiticated laboratories in the world for the safe handling of exotic livestock disease agents. The website includes background information, news and issues, and contact details.
- Animal Virus Information System – From the University of Pune, India. AVIS was created by the Bioinformatics centre as a tool for virologists, molecular biologists, clinical personnel, epidemiologists, and industrial users. The data allows analysis of various properties of viruses and numerical taxonomy. Pictorial information, such are electron micrographs, are provided in computer readable form along with the data. The information system is also supported by a database of synonyms and acronyms occurring in the broad area of virology to avoid any ambiguities in the data and to provide a consistent vocabulary.
- VIDA: The Virus Database (VIDA) at University College London organises all available sequences from different families of animal viruses: herpesvirus, poxvirus, papillomavirus, coronavirus and arterivirus. The ORF products are clustered into homologous protein families via an automated procedure that uses the sequence similarity search tool BLAST and the MKDOM program. Conserved regions in the families can be retrieved in the form of multiple alignments. Links exist to a number of databases: Swissprot, EMBL and the structural databases CATH and PDB.
- Zoonoses factsheet from the World Health Organization.
- Zoonoses – VetGate is a gateway to evaluated, quality Internet resources in animal health, aimed at students, researchers, academics and practitioners in animal health. VetGate is created by a core team of information specialists and subject experts based at the University of Nottingham Greenfield Medical Library, in partnership with key organisations throughout the UK and further afield.
- Emerging Zoonoses – Article by Frederick A. Murphy, University of California, Davis, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, July-September 1998.
- Contagious Ecthyma – Contagious ecthyma is a zoonotic disease caused by a poxvirus that produces a ‘chicken pox’ type lesion on the skin of sheep, goats, and people. The virus is very resistant to disinfectants and drying and may persist in the environment for years. From Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine.
- Zoonotic Diseases – Office of Research, University of California, Santa Barbara
(?)syntax
- Arboviruses – Arthropod-borne Viruses
- Astroviruses – Gastroenteritis
- Baculoviridae
- Bunyaviridae – Hantavirus
- Caliciviridae
- Caulimoviridae
- Coronaviridae
- Filoviridae – Ebola
- Flaviviridae – Hepatitis C Viruses, Dengue, Yellow Fever
- Hepadnaviridae – Hepatitis B Viruses
- Herpesviridae – Herpesviruses
- Alphaherpesvirinae – Herpes simplex-like viruses
- Betaherpesvirinae – Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Gammaherpesvirinae – Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
- Nodaviridae – Nodaviruses
- Myoviridae – Bacteriophages
- Norwalk Viruses – Gastroenteritis Viruses
- Orthomyxoviridae – Influenza Viruses
- About Influenza – University of Chicago (US)
- Influenza Virus Infections – a good description of the clinical effects and symptoms of flu virus infection from KidsHealth.org – a project of The Nemours Center For Children’s Health Media.
- About Influenza in Sweden
- Vaccination Information – McKinley Health Center, Illinois (US)
- Influenza Prevention and Control from the NCID. This site includes general information, vaccine and anti-viral data, and current influenza surveillance statistics.
- Influenza A Virus Replication diagram – from Genentech’s Access Excellence Biotech Information Site’s Graphics Gallery
- Orthomyxovirus Images (influenza)– Electron micrographs from Linda Stannard at UCT.
- Influenza A Virus Replication diagram – from Genentech’s Access Excellence Biotech Information Site’s Graphics Gallery
- Influenza A (H5N1) – Information and links on the recent outbreak in Hong Kong.
- Influenza — from the Association of Medical Microbiologists (UK).
- Fluwatch – Health Canada’s National Influenza monitoring program
- La grippe – (In French) Bien connaître le virus… pour mieux combattre la maladie.
- Orthomyxoviruses– A Tutorial from the University of Leicester (UK)
- Paramyxoviridae
- Paramyxoviruses – Para-Influenza Viruses
- Rubulaviruses – Mumps Viruses
- Morbilliviruses – Measles Viruses
- Papovaviridae – Papillomaviruses
- Parvoviridae
- Picornaviridae
- Aphthoviridae – Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses-
- Cardioviridae–
- Enteroviridae–
- Rhinoviridae – Rhinoviruses
- Phycodnaviridae
- Poxviridae
- Poxviruses– from Virology.net’s courses. Great stuff.—
- Poxviruses – A Tutorial from the University of Leicester (UK)
- Monkeypox – a World Health Organization Fact Sheet
- VIDA: The Virus Database (VIDA) at University College London organises all available sequences from different families of animal viruses: herpesvirus, poxvirus, papillomavirus, coronavirus and arterivirus. The ORF products are clustered into homologous protein families via an automated procedure that uses the sequence similarity search tool BLAST and the MKDOM program. Links exist to a number of databases: Swissprot, EMBL and the structural databases CATH and PDB.
- Reoviridae – Reoviruses
- Retroviridae – Retroviruses
- A-Type Retroviruses – HIAP (Human Intracisternal Particles)-
- Immunodeficiency Viruses – HIV-1, HIV-2 (See AIDS info also)-
- Leukemia Viruses – FeLV-
- Avian Sarcoma Viruses–
- Rhabdoviruses – Rabies Viruses
- Togaviridae
- Rubiviridae – Rubella Viruses-
- Alphaviridae – Alphaviruses-
- Viroids
Viral Genome Sequence Data
Taxonomy & Phylogeny
Viral Immunology
- Lymphocyte Recirculation – An Immunology Resource of general interest to virologists. The web page about lymphocyte recirculation, and the immunophysiology which maintains this important process. There are also pages on Dendritic Cells.
Viral Vectors & Gene Therapy General Sites
- Report and Recommendations of the Panel to Assess the NIH Investment in Research on Gene Therapy – Dr. Harold Varmus, Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), appointed an ad hoc committee to assess the current status and promise of gene therapy and provide recommendations regarding future NIH-sponsored research in this area.
- Biotechnology and Gene Therapy Web ‘Cite’ – a large index of Gene Therapy information on the net.
- Gene therapy: potential applications in clinical transplantation – This is a review published in the internet journal, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine that reviews the latest development of gene transfer in the context of organ transplantation.
- Introduction to Gene Therapy – Transfer Technology – This is a site being made for a course taught at Vanderbilt University for graduate and medical students. The site contains a wide body of material on Gene Therapy including applications and techniques. A good portion of the information deals with using viral vectors to get specific gene expression. There are also references to how these vectors are used in gene therapy. The site is under construction but will eventually be a great jumping off point to Gene Therapy and related web sites.
- Gene therapy related sites:
- Universities, Institutes. & Centers:
- Gene Therapy Program at The University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Human Genetics from the Allegheny-Singer Research Institute
- Department of Genetics at The University of Illinois College Of Medicine at Chicago
- Pittsburgh Human Gene Therapy Center
- Harvard Gene Therapy Initiative – Gene Therapy core at Harvard Medical School.
- Institute for Biotechnology Information
- The Institute for Gene Therapy – University of Pennslyvania
- Gene Transfer Vector Core – the Gene Transfer Vector Core Page at the University of Iowa is dedicated to gene transfer and vector construction.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy – Description of the Center Cell and Gene Therapy (Baylor College of Medecine / Texas Children’s Hospital / The Methodist Hospital) located in the Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas. Describes on-going protocols, faculties’ projects and interests, job opportunities and much more!
- University of North Carolina Gene Therapy Center – Links to current gene therapy research at University of North Carolina as well as contacts to individual researchers.
- The Nolan Lab – description and tutorials on the use of human cell-basedhelper-defective cell lines for efficient gene transfer. Episomalplatforms for high titer retroviral production and study of genefunction.
- Pasteur Institute
- Oxford University GeneMedicine – Cystic fibrosis gene therapy at Oxford University. Description of our research programme and clinical trials.
- University of Toronto Gene Therapy Network
- Centre for Gene Therapeutics – McMaster University – Investigating, creating and implementing approaches utilizing the delivery of genes as therapeutic agents in the treatment of human and animal disease.
- Clinical Trials
- Gene therapy clinical trials website from the Journal of Gene Medicine. This useful site lists all clinical trials worldwide, and gives stats and pie charts on the topic since 1994.
- Homepages – E-Journals
- Genetics in Practice – Newsletter from the Institute for Medical Genetics, Allegheny University, Pittsburgh
- Virological Techniques
- Virology Dictionaries
- Infectious & Emerging Diseases
- Vaccine & Vaccine Development
- AIDS & HIV – the most complete collection of AIDS and HIV sites on the web – organized by topic.
- Emerging Viruses – this is a collection of pages focused on the viruses that get all the press — and deserve to! Here you will find our collection of Ebola, Marburg and similar viral pathogens.
- Plant Viruses – all of the plant virus web sites have been conveniently collected in one central location, and organized by topic.
- Organizations and Groups – a collection of links to Microbiology and Virology Departments and Institutes, as well as virology labs, scientific societies and scientific companies.
- Graduate Programs in Virology – these are all the graduate school programs in the world that focus on Virology and have a web site to tell you about it.
- On-Line Virology Courses and Tutorials – in addition to ATV’s own virology courses and tutorials, we have catalogued all the other on-line educational resources that we could find.
Other Sources
- Ant-viral drug Resources
- Antiviral factors and viral contaminants in human milk – All known antimicrobial and microbial contaminants in human milk are maintained and updated on this site in seven Tables. Table 2 lists all the antiviral factors described in human milk and Table 4 incoporates all the viral contaminates found in human milk.
- Antiviral Agents Bulletin from the Biotechnology Information Institute
- Antiviral Drug Resistance Online – the electronic version of the Resistance Table from International Antiviral News, Current Antiviral Agents FactFile.
- Gresval Labs – Research and development of specific antivirals active against encapsulated viruses (H.l.V., S.H.V. and influanza) based on a new concept of blocking the binding of the virus to the host membrane.
- Institute for Antiviral Research This site explains what types of antiviral research are performed at Utah State University. It also gives a listing of the drugs used and it tells you about the people who work at the site.
- Antiviral Drugs for Influenza Type A from the CDC.
- National Cancer Institute’s HIV Drug Resistance Program — Under the direction of Dr. John M. Coffin, the DRP is creating a world-class center for retrovirology research in a highly collaborative environment dedicated purely to research and supported by a wide spectrum of state-of-the-art core facilities. The emphasis of the DRP is on basic and translational research related to genetic diversity and drug resistance.
- Biological Warfare
- Electron Micrographs & Macromolecular Images
- MicrobeLibrary.org – The MicrobeLibrary is searchable portal providing a peer reviewed, web-based collection of resources about the microbial world. The Library builds upon the scientific expertise, intellectual creativity, and private collections of the 42,000 members of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and other microbial researchers from around the world.
- VIrus Particle ExploreR (VIPER) – This web site is an information source on virus structure, assembly and computaional analysis. The site provides description about various icosahedral virus structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), in terms of their three dimensional (3D) structures, quasi-symmetry, surface topology etc.
- Structural Virology Group in the Department of Biological Sciences at Purdue University consists of six different laboratories that use a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography, and molecular biology to elucidate the processes of viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis.
- Through the Microscope: Viruses – An Internet Gallery of Health Science Images from the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Health Department.
- Downloadable Viral Graphics Files – The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis has a small collection of top notch images here.
- Rapid EM Viral Diagnosis – information and workshops (in German).
- Images of Viruses from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the ICTV.
- Animal Virus Collection at Queens University, Belfast, UK
- HIV infected cells – some great pictures of infected cells from the Fermin Lab at Tulane.
- Plant Viruses at the Plant Pathology Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK.
- Electon Micrograph Library at the University of Wisconsin
- More Plant Viruses at the Molecular Virology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Electron microsopic images of Human Viruses – Linda Stannard’s illustrated tutorial on the morphology of most of the clinically significant viruses. The section on Hepatitis B virus is especially recommended.
- Life Long Universe include a scanning electron micrograph image of HIV in Quicktime format. From the New York Hall of Science.
- Viral Images from Fred Murphy. These include Ebola, Marburg and Rabies.
- Visualizations of Viruses at University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Electron micrographic library of DNA-protein complexes and Virus compiled by Ross B. Inman
- Electron Micrographs of Plant Viruses at Rothamsted Experimental Station
- The Hogle X-ray Crystallography Lab at Harvard has interest in viral proteins, particularly poliovirus.
- HIV Protease Inhibitors– Structural Info
- Digitized images of viruses by electron microscope also at Wisconsin
- EMBL’s Virus Structure Resource in Heidelberg Germany has images of viral structures solved by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstructions.
- The Graphics Gallery from Genentech’s Access Excellence Biotech Information Site includes some viral images among other images of interest.
- Micscape – an amateur microscopy journal available online
Not quite done with all the lists here, but I have enough content you could get some use out of it. As always let me know any suggestions, or if you notice a dead link. Thanks! 😀
References:
- j
- Virolgy.net – all the virus information you need on the www.
- j
- Spencer SM, Sgro JY, Dryden KA, Baker TS, Nibert ML; IRIS explorer software for radial-depth cueing reovirus particles and other macromolecular structures determined by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction, J. Structural Biology 1997 Oct; 120(1):11-21
- GRASP: Nicholls A, Sharp KA, Honig B; Protein folding and association: insights from the interfacial and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons. Proteins 1991;11(4):281-296
- PYMOL: DeLano, W.L. The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System (2002) DeLano Scientific, Palo Alto, CA, USA. [Delano, W.L. PyMol: An Open-Source Molecular Graphics Tool. (2002). CCP4 Newsletter No 40. (html) – (pdf)]
- UCSF – Chimera: Chimera is developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by NIGMS P41-GM103311).[ UCSF Chimera–a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC, Couch GS, Greenblatt DM, Meng EC, Ferrin TE. J Comput Chem. 2004 Oct;25(13):1605-12.]
- RASMOL: Roger Sayle and E. James Milner-White. “RasMol: Biomolecular graphics for all”, Trends in Biochemical Sciences (TIBS), September 1995, Vol. 20, No. 9, p. 374.
- VMD: Humphrey, W., Dalke, A. and Schulten, K., “VMD – Visual Molecular Dynamics”, J. Molec. Graphics, 1996, vol. 14, pp. 33-38.
- Qutemol: Marco Tarini, Paolo Cignoni, Claudio Montani: Ambient Occlusion and Edge Cueing for Enhancing Real Time Molecular Visualization IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Volume 12 , Issue 5 , Pages 1237-1244 , 2006 , ISSN:1077-2626
- Encyclopedia of Virology Plus CD-ROM. Robert G. Webster and Allan Granoff Editors. 1995 Academic Press